Vaccine and Immunology

One Health Approach to Vaccine Development

The One Health approach emphasizes the interconnection between human, animal, and environmental health in understanding and preventing infectious diseases. Recognizing that approximately 60% of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, vaccine development under this framework integrates veterinary science, human medicine, and ecological studies to reduce disease transmission at its source. Research focuses on pathogens that circulate between animals and humans, including influenza, coronaviruses, and vector-borne diseases, using surveillance data to identify hotspots and predict outbreaks. Vaccines developed with a One Health perspective aim to control infections in animal reservoirs, thereby reducing the risk of spillover into human populations. This approach also considers environmental factors such as habitat disruption, climate change, and human encroachment, which influence pathogen evolution and emergence. Collaborative initiatives bring together scientists, public health authorities, policymakers, and international organizations to harmonize vaccination strategies across species and ecosystems. One Health-driven vaccine development supports global health security, ensures efficient allocation of resources, and enhances preparedness against pandemics. By integrating veterinary, human, and environmental sciences, this approach provides a holistic and sustainable solution to infectious disease prevention, demonstrating that the health of humans is inseparable from that of animals and the environment.