Vaccine and Immunology

Nanotechnology and Advanced Delivery Systems

Nanotechnology is transforming vaccine delivery through precise targeting, controlled release, and enhanced immune activation. Lipid nanoparticles, polymeric carriers, microneedle patches, and inhalable formulations enable efficient antigen uptake and reduce dependency on cold chain logistics. Nanocarriers allow co-delivery of antigens and adjuvants, optimizing humoral and cellular immune responses while minimizing side effects. Smart delivery systems provide sustained release, improving durability and reducing booster requirements. This technology also facilitates needle-free vaccination, increasing compliance and accessibility in low-resource regions. By combining bioengineering, materials science, and immunology, nanotechnology is shaping next-generation vaccines that are safer, more effective, and globally scalable.